Fiber optic sensors are devices that use optical fibers to detect physical or chemical changes in the environment. These sensors have gained popularity in various industries due to their many advantages, such as high sensitivity, fast response time, immunity to electromagnetic interference, and the ability to transmit signals over long distances without degradation.
To fully understand the principles of fiber optic sensing, it is important to be familiar with the terminology used in this field. This terminology includes technical terms related to the various components of fiber optic sensors, as well as the different types of sensing mechanisms they employ.
In this article, we will provide an overview of some of the key terms and concepts related to fiber optic sensors. Whether you are a scientist, engineer, or simply curious about this fascinating field, this guide will help you to better understand the technology behind fiber optic sensing.
A
Active Threshold Control:
Active Threshold Control is a feature that allows the user to adjust the sensitivity of a fiber optic sensor to the signal being detected. By adjusting the threshold level, the user can ensure that the sensor only responds to signals that are above a certain level, reducing the risk of false positives or noise interference. This feature is particularly useful when the sensor is detecting small changes in physical or chemical parameters. With Active Threshold Control, the user can customize the sensor’s performance to meet the specific requirements of the application.
Aluminum Housing Material:
Aluminum Housing Material refers to the use of aluminum as a material to encase a fiber optic sensor. Aluminum is a lightweight, durable, and corrosion-resistant metal that offers several advantages for sensor applications. Aluminum housing provides high mechanical strength, excellent thermal conductivity, and resistance to chemical and environmental factors. It is also a cost-effective material option for many sensor designs.
Ambient Humidity Range:
Ambient humidity range refers to the range of humidity levels in which a fiber optic sensor can operate reliably. Humidity is the amount of moisture in the air, and it can affect the performance of a sensor by interfering with the optical signals or causing corrosion and damage to the sensor components. Therefore, it is important to consider the ambient humidity range when selecting a fiber optic sensor for a specific application. The range can vary depending on the type of sensor and its intended use. Some sensors may have a wider range of operations and can function in high-humidity environments, while others may require more controlled humidity levels to operate properly. The ambient humidity range is typically specified by the manufacturer and should be considered in the sensor selection process.
Ambient Light Limit:
The ambient light limit refers to the maximum amount of light that a fiber optic sensor can tolerate without affecting its performance. Fiber optic sensors rely on the transmission and reception of light signals through an optical fiber. Excessive ambient light can interfere with the transmission of light signals or cause noise that can affect the sensor’s accuracy and reliability. Therefore, it is important to consider the ambient light limit when selecting a fiber optic sensor for a specific application. The limit can vary depending on the type of sensor and its intended use.
Ambient Temperature:
Ambient temperature refers to the temperature range in which a fiber optic sensor can operate reliably. Temperature can affect the performance of a sensor by altering the properties of the sensor’s components or causing drift in the sensor’s output. Therefore, it is important to consider the ambient temperature range when selecting a fiber optic sensor for a specific application.
B
Bank Switching:
Bank switching is a feature in fiber optic sensors that allows the user to switch between multiple sensor configurations or settings. It is particularly useful when a single sensor needs to be used in different applications that require different settings or configurations. Instead of having to physically adjust the sensor or replace it with a different one, bank switching allows the user to store multiple configurations in the sensor’s memory and switch between them as needed. This feature can save time and effort in situations where multiple sensors would otherwise be required.
Bending Radius:
Bending radius refers to the minimum radius at which a fiber optic cable or sensing element can be bent without damage. The bending radius is determined by the construction of the fiber optic cable or sensing element and the materials used in its manufacturing. Bending a fiber optic cable or sensing element beyond its minimum radius can cause signal attenuation, signal loss, or physical damage to the fiber or sensing element. Therefore, it is important to consider the bending radius when installing or using a fiber optic sensor.
Brass Coated Housing Material:
Brass Coated Housing Material refers to the use of brass coating on the surface of a fiber optic sensor’s housing. Brass is a metal alloy made of copper and zinc, and it is known for its excellent corrosion resistance and durability. Coating the surface of a sensor’s housing with brass can enhance the sensor’s resistance to environmental factors such as moisture, temperature, and chemicals. The brass coating can also improve the sensor’s electrical conductivity, which is beneficial in certain applications. However, the use of brass-coated housing material may increase the cost of the sensor compared to other housing materials.
C
Color Operation Mode:
Color Operation Mode is a feature found in some fiber optic sensors that allow the user to differentiate between different types of signals using different colors. The sensor emits a light signal of a specific color, and the reflected signal from the target object is analyzed to determine the presence or absence of the object or its physical or chemical properties. The color of the light signal can be used to identify different targets or detect changes in the target’s properties. Color Operation Mode is commonly used in applications such as sorting, detection, and identification of materials, where different colors can represent different materials or properties. The specific implementation of Color Operation Mode can vary depending on the sensor and its manufacturer.
Connector Plug 7/8 inch:
Connector Plug 7/8 inch refers to a type of connector used to connect a fiber optic sensor to other devices. The 7/8 inch measurement refers to the diameter of the connector plug. This type of connector is commonly used in industrial applications where ruggedness and reliability are important. A connector Plug 7/8 inch is often used in applications where the sensor needs to be connected to a control system or a power supply. The connector may have a specific pin configuration or wiring scheme that is compatible with the sensor and other devices. The specific implementation of a Connector Plug 7/8 inch can vary depending on the sensor and its manufacturer.
Connector Plug M12:
Connector Plug M12 refers to a type of connector used to connect a fiber optic sensor to other devices. The M12 measurement refers to the thread size of the connector plug, which is 12 millimeters in diameter.
Connector Plug M8:
Connector Plug M8 refers to a type of connector used to connect a fiber optic sensor to other devices. The M8 measurement refers to the thread size of the connector plug, which is 8 millimeters in diameter. Connector Plug M8 is commonly used in applications where a smaller size and ruggedness are required. This type of connector is often used in tight spaces or applications where vibration and shock resistance are important. Connector Plug M8 can have a specific pin configuration or wiring scheme that is compatible with the sensor and other devices.
Connector Plug M9:
Connector Plug M9 refers to a type of connector used to connect a fiber optic sensor to other devices. The M9 measurement refers to the thread size of the connector plug, which is 9 millimeters in diameter. Connector Plug M9 is not as common as M8 or M12 connectors, but it can be used in certain applications where a size between M8 and M12 is required. Connector Plug M9 can have a specific pin configuration or wiring scheme that is compatible with the sensor and other devices. The specific implementation of Connector Plug M9 can vary depending on the sensor and its manufacturer.
Contrast Operation Mode:
Contrast Operation Mode is a feature found in some fiber optic sensors that allow the user to differentiate between different types of signals using the contrast between light and dark. The sensor emits a light signal onto the target object, and the reflected signal is analyzed to determine the presence or absence of the object or its physical or chemical properties. The contrast between light and dark areas on the target object is used to identify different targets or detect changes in the target’s properties. Contrast Operation Mode is commonly used in applications such as sorting, detection, and identification of materials, where differences in color or reflectivity can represent different materials or properties.
Control Buttons:
Control Buttons are physical buttons found on some fiber optic sensors that allow the user to adjust or control the sensor’s settings or features. These buttons can be used to change the sensor’s operation mode, sensitivity, threshold level, or other parameters depending on the sensor’s design. Control Buttons provide a convenient and easy way for the user to interact with the sensor without the need for additional equipment or software. They can be particularly useful in situations where the sensor needs to be adjusted or reconfigured frequently or in real time. The number and function of Control Buttons can vary depending on the sensor’s complexity and the specific application requirements.
Control Elements:
Control Elements refer to any physical or electronic components found on a fiber optic sensor that allows the user to adjust or control the sensor’s settings or features. These elements can include Control Buttons, switches, potentiometers, or other types of input devices. Control Elements provide a means for the user to interact with the sensor and customize its operation to suit the specific requirements of the application. They can be used to adjust parameters such as sensitivity, threshold level, output type, or other settings depending on the sensor’s design. Control Elements can be particularly useful in situations where the sensor needs to be reconfigured or fine-tuned to different targets or applications. The number and type of Control Elements can vary depending on the sensor’s complexity and the specific application requirements.
Current Output:
Current Output is a feature found in some fiber optic sensors that output a current signal proportional to the measured physical or chemical parameter. The sensor converts the measured parameter into an electrical signal, which is then converted to a current output signal. The magnitude of the current signal represents the intensity or level of the measured parameter. Current Output is commonly used in industrial applications where the sensor’s output signal needs to be transmitted over long distances or where it needs to be converted to other types of signals, such as voltage or digital signals. Current Output signals can be easily converted to voltage signals using a resistor or other components. The specific implementation of Current Output can vary depending on the sensor and its manufacturer.
D
Degree of Protection:
Degree of Protection refers to the level of protection that a fiber optic sensor provides against environmental factors such as dust, water, and other harmful substances. The degree of protection is typically defined by an International Protection (IP) rating, which is a standardized classification system that indicates the level of protection provided by a sensor’s housing or enclosure. The IP rating consists of two digits, where the first digit indicates the degree of protection against solid objects, and the second digit indicates the degree of protection against liquids. For example, a sensor with an IP67 rating is dust-tight and can withstand being submerged in water up to a depth of 1 meter for up to 30 minutes. A higher IP rating generally indicates a higher level of protection and can be important in applications where the sensor is exposed to harsh environmental conditions or where cleanliness and hygiene are essential. The specific degree of protection required for a particular application will depend on the nature of the application and the environmental factors that the sensor will be exposed to.
Diagnostic Coverage (DC):
Diagnostic Coverage (DC) is a percentage measure of a fiber optic sensor’s ability to detect faults or errors in its operation. Higher DC indicates a greater ability to detect faults or errors. Diagnostic functions can include self-monitoring, self-diagnosis, and fault detection. DC is important in safety-critical applications where sensor failures can have serious consequences.
Diagnostics Indicator:
A Diagnostics Indicator is a visual or audible signal on a fiber optic sensor that alerts the user to a fault or error in the sensor’s operation. The Diagnostics Indicator can be a light, a sound, or a combination of both, depending on the sensor’s design. The Diagnostics Indicator is activated when the sensor’s diagnostic functions detect a fault or error in the sensor’s operation, such as a wiring fault or a power supply issue. The Diagnostics Indicator provides a convenient way for the user to quickly identify and troubleshoot the sensor’s operation. In some cases, the Diagnostics Indicator may be used in conjunction with other diagnostic features, such as self-monitoring or self-diagnosis, to improve the sensor’s overall reliability and reduce maintenance costs.
Dielectric Strength:
Dielectric Strength is a measure of the electrical insulation capability of a material, such as the insulating material used in a fiber optic sensor. It is defined as the maximum voltage that can be applied to a material before it breaks down and allows electricity to flow through it. Dielectric Strength is typically expressed in units of volts per unit thickness of the material, such as volts per mil (V/mil) or kilovolts per millimeter (kV/mm). A higher Dielectric Strength indicates a greater ability of the material to resist electrical breakdown and maintain its insulating properties. Dielectric Strength is an important consideration in the design of fiber optic sensors, especially in applications where the sensor is exposed to high voltages or electrical fields. The specific Dielectric Strength required for a particular application will depend on the specific electrical requirements and environmental factors that the sensor will be exposed to.
Diffuse Fiber Optic Cable:
Diffuse Fiber Optic Cable is a type of fiber optic cable that is designed to detect light scattered or diffused from a target object. Unlike through-beam fiber optic cables, which use a transmitter and a receiver to detect a beam of light passing through a target object, diffuse fiber optic cables use a single fiber optic element to detect light that is scattered or reflected from a target object. Diffuse fiber optic cables are commonly used in applications where it is not feasible to use through-beam cables or where a more compact sensor design is required. The sensing range of diffuse fiber optic cables can vary depending on the specific design and the characteristics of the target object. Diffuse fiber optic cables are available in a variety of configurations, including plastic or glass fibers, and can be used in a wide range of industrial and commercial applications.
Din Rail Mounting Housing:
Din Rail Mounting Housing refers to a type of housing or enclosure used to mount a fiber optic sensor on a standard DIN rail. DIN rails are standardized metal rails used to mount and support industrial control equipment, such as switches, and power supplies. Din Rail Mounting Housing is designed to fit onto a DIN rail and provide a secure and stable mounting location for the sensor. The housing can be made of various materials, such as plastic or metal, and can be designed to accommodate different sensor sizes and shapes. Din Rail Mounting Housing provides a convenient way to install and maintain fiber optic sensors in industrial environments and can help to reduce installation and maintenance costs. The specific implementation of Din Rail Mounting Housing can vary depending on the sensor and its manufacturer.
Dynamic Power Control:
Dynamic Power Control is a feature found in some fiber optic sensors that allow the sensor to adjust its power output based on the sensing range and the characteristics of the target object. The sensor uses feedback from the target object to adjust the power output of the light source to optimize the sensor’s performance and reduce the risk of damage to the target object. Dynamic Power Control can help to improve the sensor’s accuracy and reliability in challenging applications where the target object is highly reflective or has a low surface contrast. The specific implementation of Dynamic Power Control can vary depending on the sensor and its manufacturer, and it may be implemented as a software algorithm or a hardware circuit.
F
Fiber Amplifier:
A Fiber Amplifier is a device used to amplify the signal in a fiber optic sensor. The amplifier can boost the signal strength and increase the sensing range of the sensor. Fiber Amplifiers are commonly used in applications where the sensor needs to detect weak signals or where a longer sensing range is required. The amplifier can be located remotely from the sensor, which allows the sensor to be installed in challenging or hazardous environments while the amplifier can be installed in a more accessible location. Fiber Amplifiers can be designed to work with different types of fiber optic sensors and can be used in a wide range of industrial and commercial applications. The specific implementation of a Fiber Amplifier can vary depending on the sensor and its manufacturer.
Fiber Core:
Fiber Core refers to the central portion of a fiber optic cable that carries the light signal. The Fiber Core is typically made of high-quality glass or plastic material and has a very small diameter, usually ranging from a few micrometers to several hundred micrometers, depending on the specific application requirements. The light signal is transmitted through the Fiber Core by the process of total internal reflection, which occurs when the light is reflected back into the core instead of being transmitted through the surrounding cladding material. The diameter of the Fiber Core can have a significant impact on the sensor’s sensitivity and resolution, as well as its ability to transmit signals over longer distances.
Fiber Length:
Fiber Length refers to the length of the fiber optic cable used in a fiber optic sensor. The length of the fiber can vary depending on the specific application requirements. The length of the fiber can have an impact on the sensor’s sensitivity, resolution, and sensing range. In general, longer fibers can provide higher sensitivity and resolution, but may also be more susceptible to signal loss or attenuation over longer distances. The specific fiber length required for a particular application will depend on the nature of the application and the specific sensing requirements. The fiber length can be determined by the distance between the sensor and the target object or by the physical constraints of the installation environment.
Fiber Optic Cable:
A Fiber Optic Cable is a type of cable that uses fiber optic technology to transmit light signals over long distances. The Fiber Optic Cable is a critical component of many fiber optic sensors and plays a key role in determining the sensor’s sensitivity, resolution, and sensing range.
Fiber Sheathing Material:
Fiber Sheathing Material refers to the material used to protect and insulate the optical fiber in a fiber optic cable. The sheathing material can be made of various materials, such as polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), or polyurethane, and is designed to protect the fiber from mechanical damage, environmental factors, and other hazards. The specific sheathing material used in a fiber optic cable can vary depending on the application requirements and can include various features, such as flexibility, resistance to temperature extremes, or resistance to chemicals or abrasion. The sheathing material is an important consideration in the design of fiber optic cables and can have a significant impact on the cable’s durability, reliability, and overall performance.
Fixed Cable Type:
Fixed Cable Type refers to a type of fiber optic sensor that has a cable permanently attached to the sensor housing or enclosure. The cable is typically a specific length and cannot be removed or replaced by the user. Fixed Cable Type sensors are commonly used in applications where the sensor is permanently installed and does not require frequent adjustments or repositioning.
Fixed Cable with Plug M8:
Fixed Cable with Plug M8 refers to a type of fiber optic sensor that has a fixed cable permanently attached to the sensor housing or enclosure, with an M8 connector plug at the end of the cable. The M8 connector plug is a standardized connector that is commonly used in industrial and commercial applications to provide a secure and reliable connection between the sensor and the control system. The M8 connector plug is designed to be quick and easy to install and remove and can be used in a variety of environments, including those with high levels of vibration or other types of mechanical stress. The specific implementation of Fixed Cable with Plug M8 can vary depending on the sensor and its manufacturer, and different types of cables and connectors may be used depending on the application requirements.
Function Indicator:
A Function Indicator is a visual or audible signal on a fiber optic sensor that indicates the sensor’s status or operation mode. The Function Indicator can be a light, a sound, or a combination of both, and is used to communicate information about the sensor’s operation to the user or control system. The Function Indicator can provide information about the sensor’s power status, signal strength, or diagnostic functions, and can be used to identify sensor faults or errors. The Function Indicator can be particularly useful in applications where the sensor is located in a remote or inaccessible location, or where it is important to quickly identify and troubleshoot issues with the sensor’s operation.
G
Glass Fiber Optic:
Glass Fiber Optic refers to an optical fiber made of glass material, which is commonly used in fiber optic cables and sensors. Glass Fiber Optics have very high purity and low attenuation, which allows them to transmit light signals over long distances with high accuracy and reliability.
H
Hysteresis width Function:
The Hysteresis Width Function is a feature found in some fiber optic sensors that allow the user to adjust the sensing range of the sensor by varying the amount of hysteresis in the output signal. Hysteresis refers to the lag or delay between a change in the input signal and the corresponding change in the output signal of a sensor. The Hysteresis Width Function allows the user to adjust the amount of hysteresis in the sensor’s output signal, which can affect the sensitivity, response time, and accuracy of the sensor. By adjusting the Hysteresis Width Function, the user can optimize the sensor’s performance for a specific application or environment. The specific implementation of the Hysteresis Width Function can vary depending on the sensor and its manufacturer.
I
Infrared Light Type:
Infrared Light Type refers to the type of light emitted by a fiber optic sensor, which falls in the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Infrared light has a longer wavelength than visible light and is not visible to the naked eye. Infrared Light Type fiber optic sensors use infrared light to detect the presence or absence of an object or to measure the distance to an object.
Insulation Resistance:
Insulation Resistance refers to the measure of the electrical resistance of the insulation material used in a fiber optic sensor. The insulation material is used to protect the sensor’s electrical components from electrical noise, interference, or other electrical hazards. Insulation Resistance is an important parameter in fiber optic sensors, as it can affect the sensor’s accuracy, reliability, and overall performance. A higher Insulation Resistance value indicates a higher level of electrical protection, which can help to reduce the risk of electrical interference or damage to the sensor. Insulation Resistance is typically measured in Ohms, and the specific value required for a particular application will depend on the nature of the application and the specific sensing requirements. The Insulation Resistance of a fiber optic sensor can be determined by the specific insulation material used and the design of the sensor’s electrical components.
L
Light Beam Exit:
Light Beam Exit refers to the point where the light signal exits the fiber optic cable or the sensor’s housing to interact with the target object. The Light Beam Exit is a critical parameter in fiber optic sensors, as it determines the location and orientation of the sensing area. The Light Beam Exit can be located at the end of the fiber optic cable, or it can be located on the sensor’s housing, depending on the specific design of the sensor. The Light Beam Exit can be designed to provide a specific shape or pattern of light, such as a narrow or wide beam, a diffuse pattern, or a specific wavelength. The specific design of the Light Beam Exit will depend on the nature of the application and the specific sensing requirements. The Light Beam Exit is a key factor in determining the sensor’s sensitivity, resolution, and sensing range, and can be optimized for specific applications by adjusting the parameters of the Light Beam Exit.
M
M18 Cylindrical Design:
M18 Cylindrical Design refers to a specific form factor or shape of a fiber optic sensor. The M18 refers to the diameter of the sensor housing, which is 18mm. The cylindrical design of the sensor housing is a common form factor used in industrial and commercial applications, as it provides a compact and rugged design that can withstand harsh environmental conditions.
Miniature Housing:
Miniature Housing refers to a small-sized housing or enclosure used in a fiber optic sensor. The miniature housing is designed to provide a compact and low-profile design that can be used in applications where space is limited or where a smaller sensor is required. Miniature Housing is commonly used in applications such as robotics, automation, and medical equipment, where a small sensor size is critical. The specific implementation of Miniature Housing can vary depending on the sensor and its manufacturer and may include different features, such as mounting options, connector types, or protective coatings.
Mismatch Operation Mode:
Mismatch Operation Mode refers to a feature found in some fiber optic sensors that allow the user to adjust the sensor’s sensitivity to the target object. The Mismatch Operation Mode is used when the target object’s reflectivity or optical properties do not match the sensor’s default operating mode. In this mode, the sensor is adjusted to detect variations in the reflected light signal caused by the mismatch, allowing it to detect the presence or absence of the target object. The Mismatch Operation Mode can be particularly useful in applications where the target object’s optical properties vary, such as in the detection of transparent or translucent objects. The specific implementation of the Mismatch Operation Mode can vary depending on the sensor and its manufacturer and may include different modes or adjustment parameters to optimize the sensor’s performance for a specific application.
Mission Time (TM):
Mission Time (TM) refers to the period of time for which a fiber optic sensor is designed to operate without requiring maintenance or replacement. The Mission Time is a critical parameter in fiber optic sensors, as it determines the sensor’s lifespan and overall reliability. The Mission Time is typically specified by the sensor manufacturer and can vary depending on the specific design of the sensor and the application requirements. In some cases, the Mission Time may be affected by factors such as environmental conditions, vibration, or mechanical stress, which can shorten the sensor’s lifespan. It is important to consider the Mission Time when selecting a fiber optic sensor for a specific application, as it can have a significant impact on the overall cost and performance of the system.
Mounting Hole:
A mounting Hole refers to a hole or aperture in the sensor’s housing or enclosure that is used to secure the sensor to a mounting surface or structure. It is a critical feature in fiber optic sensors that allows the sensor to maintain its alignment with the target object.
MTTFd:
MTTFd stands for Mean Time To Dangerous Failure, which is a statistical measure of the expected time for a fiber optic sensor to fail in a dangerous or hazardous manner. MTTFd is a critical parameter in safety-critical applications, such as those found in industrial automation or process control systems, where a sensor failure can lead to serious consequences. The MTTFd value is typically calculated based on the failure rate of the sensor’s components and is expressed in hours or years. The higher the MTTFd value, the lower the probability of a dangerous failure occurring. The specific MTTFd value required for a particular application will depend on the safety requirements and the level of risk associated with a potential sensor failure.
Multiturn Potentiometer:
A Multiturn Potentiometer is a type of variable resistor that can be adjusted through multiple revolutions of its shaft. The Multiturn Potentiometer allows for precise adjustment of the resistance value, which can be useful in applications that require high levels of accuracy or resolution. The Multiturn Potentiometer is commonly used in fiber optic sensors to adjust the sensitivity, threshold, or other operating parameters of the sensor. The specific implementation of the Multiturn Potentiometer can vary depending on the sensor and its manufacturer and may include different features such as mounting options, shaft diameter, or resistance range.
N
NPN Output:
NPN Output refers to a type of output signal used in fiber optic sensors to indicate the presence or absence of an object. In NPN Output, the output signal is driven to a low voltage level (near 0 volts) when the sensor detects the object, and it returns to a high voltage level (near the supply voltage) when the object is not detected.
O
Operation Indicator:
Operation Indicator refers to a visual or audible signal provided by a fiber optic sensor to indicate its operating status or the presence of an object. It is a useful feature that allows the user to quickly and easily determine the sensor’s status and performance.
Outer Diameter:
Outer Diameter refers to the overall diameter of a fiber optic sensor, including its housing or enclosure. The Outer Diameter is an important parameter in fiber optic sensors, as it determines the physical size of the sensor and its compatibility with different applications and mounting options. The specific Outer Diameter required for a particular application will depend on the available space and the specific mounting requirements. The Outer Diameter can vary depending on the specific design of the sensor and its manufacturer and may include different features, such as protective coatings, mounting holes, or connectors. The Outer Diameter is a critical parameter in determining the sensor’s sensitivity, resolution, and sensing range, and can be optimized for specific applications by adjusting the parameters of the sensor’s design.
P
Plastic Fiber Optics:
Plastic Fiber Optics refers to a type of fiber optic cable or sensor that uses plastic fibers instead of glass fibers to transmit light signals. Plastic fibers are made of polymers, such as polystyrene or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and are typically less expensive and more flexible than glass fibers.
Plastic Housing Material:
Plastic Housing Material refers to the type of material used to make the housing or enclosure of a fiber optic sensor. Plastic Housing Materials are lightweight, durable, and cost-effective, making them a popular choice for many industrial and commercial applications. The specific type of Plastic Housing Material used can vary depending on the specific requirements for the sensor, such as the level of protection required against environmental factors, such as moisture or dust. Some common types of Plastic Housing Materials used in fiber optic sensors include ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene), polycarbonate, and polyamide (nylon).
PNP Output:
PNP Output refers to a type of output signal used in fiber optic sensors to indicate the presence or absence of an object. In PNP Output, the output signal is driven to a high voltage level (near the supply voltage) when the sensor detects the object, and it returns to a low voltage level (near 0 volts) when the object is not detected.
PNP/NPN Output:
PNP/NPN Output refers to a type of output signal used in some fiber optic sensors to provide both PNP and NPN output options. This allows the sensor to be compatible with a wider range of electronic devices and control systems. In PNP/NPN Output, the sensor can be configured to provide either PNP or NPN output, depending on the requirements of the specific application.
Power Tuning:
Power Tuning refers to the process of adjusting the power output of a fiber optic sensor to optimize its performance for a specific application. Power Tuning is a critical step in the installation and calibration of fiber optic sensors, as it can affect the sensor’s sensitivity, response time, and overall accuracy. The Power Tuning process involves adjusting the power source or signal level applied to the sensor to achieve the desired level of performance. This may involve adjusting the power supply voltage, the signal frequency, or the gain of the amplifier circuit used in the sensor. The specific Power Tuning requirements will depend on the application and the sensor’s design and may be influenced by factors such as the distance to the target object, the ambient conditions, and the level of noise or interference in the environment. Proper Power Tuning can help ensure accurate and reliable sensing performance and optimize the overall performance of the fiber optic sensor.
Protective Circuit:
Protective Circuit refers to a circuit or mechanism built into a fiber optic sensor to protect it against damage from overvoltage, overcurrent, or other electrical or environmental factors. Protective Circuitry is a critical feature in fiber optic sensors, as it can prevent the sensor from being damaged or destroyed in the event of a fault or abnormal condition. The specific Protective Circuit used can vary depending on the sensor and its manufacturer, and may include features such as surge protection, short-circuit protection, or reverse polarity protection. Protective Circuitry can also be designed to provide additional features, such as self-diagnosis or fault detection, to further enhance the sensor’s reliability and safety. Proper selection and implementation of Protective Circuitry can help ensure the long-term performance and durability of the fiber optic sensor in a wide range of applications.
R
Readiness Delay:
Readiness Delay refers to the delay period in which a fiber optic sensor must be allowed to stabilize or become ready before it can begin sensing or providing accurate readings. The Readiness Delay is a critical factor in the installation and operation of fiber optic sensors, as it can affect the sensor’s accuracy and response time. The specific Readiness Delay required for a particular sensor will depend on its design and may be influenced by factors such as ambient temperature, humidity, or other environmental conditions. During the Readiness Delay, the sensor may be calibrating or compensating for any external factors that could affect its readings. Once the Readiness Delay period has elapsed, the sensor is considered ready to begin sensing and providing accurate readings. Proper attention to Readiness Delay can help ensure accurate and reliable sensing performance from the fiber optic sensor.
Rectangular Housing:
Rectangular Housing refers to the shape of the enclosure used in some fiber optic sensors. It is a popular design for industrial and commercial applications due to its compact and streamlined form factor. The Rectangular Housing can vary in design and can include features such as mounting holes and control buttons. The material used to make the housing can also vary, depending on the sensor’s requirements for durability and resistance to environmental factors.
Red Light Type:
Red Light Type refers to a type of light source used in some fiber optic sensors to emit red light. Red Light Type is commonly used in sensing applications that require a visible light source, such as the detection of objects or surface irregularities. The specific implementation of Red Light Type can vary depending on the sensor and its manufacturer and may include different features, such as the intensity of the light emitted, the beam angle, or the wavelength of the light. Red Light Type can be particularly useful in applications where the sensor needs to be easily visible, such as in quality control or assembly line applications. Red Light Type can be optimized for specific applications by adjusting the parameters of the light source and the fiber optic cable used in the sensor.
Repeat Accuracy:
Repeat Accuracy refers to the ability of a fiber optic sensor to provide consistent and precise measurements over multiple sensing cycles. Repeat Accuracy is an important factor in the performance of fiber optic sensors, especially in applications that require high levels of accuracy and reliability. The specific level of Repeat Accuracy required for a particular sensor will depend on its intended application and the specific requirements for accuracy and precision. The factors that can affect Repeat Accuracy include the design and calibration of the sensor, the stability of the light source and fiber optic cable, and the environmental conditions in which the sensor is used. Proper attention to Repeat Accuracy can help ensure that the sensor provides accurate and reliable measurements over its expected service life.
Residual Ripple:
Residual Ripple refers to the small fluctuations or variations that may be present in the output signal of a fiber optic sensor, even when there is no change in the measured parameter. Residual Ripple is typically caused by noise or interference in the electronic circuitry or power supply of the sensor and can be a source of error or uncertainty in the sensing measurements. The magnitude of Residual Ripple can vary depending on the specific sensor and its design and may be influenced by factors such as the quality of the power supply or the sensitivity of the electronic components. To minimize the impact of Residual Ripple, fiber optic sensors may include filtering or signal conditioning mechanisms to remove or reduce noise and interference. Proper attention to Residual Ripple can help ensure accurate and reliable sensing performance from the fiber optic sensor.
Response Time:
Response Time refers to the time it takes for a fiber optic sensor to detect a change in the measured parameter and provide an output signal indicating the change. Response Time is a critical factor in the performance of fiber optic sensors, especially in applications that require fast and accurate detection of changes. The specific Response Time required for a particular sensor will depend on its intended application and the specific requirements for speed and accuracy. The factors that can affect Response Time include the design and calibration of the sensor, the sensitivity of the fiber optic cable, and the environmental conditions in which the sensor is used. Proper attention to Response Time can help ensure that the sensor provides accurate and reliable measurements with minimal delay or latency.
Rocker Pressure Switch:
A Rocker Pressure Switch is a type of switch used in fiber optic sensors that are activated by a physical force, such as pressure or displacement. The Rocker Pressure Switch consists of a spring-loaded mechanism that moves a rocker arm or lever when activated by the applied force. This motion is then used to open or close an electrical circuit, which in turn produces an output signal from the sensor. Rocker Pressure Switches are commonly used in industrial and commercial applications, where they can be used to detect the presence or absence of objects, measure force or displacement, or control the operation of machinery or equipment. The specific design and implementation of Rocker Pressure Switches can vary depending on the sensor and its manufacturer and may include features such as adjustable sensitivity, multiple switch points, or different types of outputs.
S
Sensing Range:
Sensing Range refers to the maximum distance over which a fiber optic sensor can detect the presence or absence of an object or measure a parameter. The Sensing Range is a critical factor in the performance of fiber optic sensors, as it can affect the sensor’s accuracy, response time, and reliability. The specific Sensing Range required for a particular sensor will depend on its intended application and the specific requirements for detection or measurement. The factors that can affect Sensing Range include the design and calibration of the sensor, the sensitivity of the fiber optic cable, and the environmental conditions in which the sensor is used. Proper attention to Sensing Range can help ensure that the sensor provides accurate and reliable measurements over the desired range of distances.
Sensitivity Adjustment:
Sensitivity Adjustment refers to the ability of a fiber optic sensor to adjust the level of sensitivity to changes in the measured parameter or object being detected. Sensitivity Adjustment is a critical feature in fiber optic sensors, as it can allow the sensor to be optimized for specific applications and environmental conditions. The specific level of Sensitivity Adjustment required for a particular sensor will depend on its intended application and the specific requirements for detection or measurement. The factors that can affect Sensitivity Adjustment include the design and calibration of the sensor, the sensitivity of the fiber optic cable, and the environmental conditions in which the sensor is used. Proper attention to Sensitivity Adjustment can help ensure that the sensor provides accurate and reliable measurements over a range of sensitivity levels.
Shock Resistance:
Shock Resistance refers to a fiber optic sensor’s ability to withstand mechanical shock or impact without damage or loss of performance. It is important in industrial or outdoor environments where the sensor may be exposed to mechanical stresses. The level of Shock Resistance required depends on the sensor’s intended application and environmental conditions. Proper attention to Shock Resistance can help ensure that the sensor provides accurate and reliable measurements over its expected service life.
Signal Output:
Signal Output refers to the electrical signal produced by a fiber optic sensor in response to changes in the measured parameter. It communicates the sensor’s measurement or detection to other devices or systems. The specific type of Signal Output depends on the sensor’s design and application and can be affected by factors such as accuracy, sensitivity, and environmental conditions. Proper attention to Signal Output can help ensure that the sensor provides accurate and reliable measurements with appropriate output for the intended application.
Slide Switch:
A Slide Switch is a type of switch used in fiber optic sensors that can be activated by moving a sliding lever or button to different positions. The Slide Switch is typically used to control the operating mode or sensitivity of the sensor or to turn the sensor on or off. Slide Switches are commonly used in industrial and commercial applications, where they can be used to adjust the sensor’s settings or to provide manual control of the sensor’s operation. The specific design and implementation of Slide Switches can vary depending on the sensor and its manufacturer and may include features such as locking mechanisms, multiple switch positions, or different types of outputs.
Switching Frequency:
Switching Frequency refers to the rate at which a fiber optic sensor can switch between different states or output signals in response to changes in the measured parameter or object being detected. Switching Frequency is a critical factor in the performance of fiber optic sensors, especially in applications that require fast and accurate detection of changes. The specific Switching Frequency required for a particular sensor will depend on its intended application and the specific requirements for speed and accuracy. The factors that can affect Switching Frequency include the design and calibration of the sensor, the sensitivity of the fiber optic cable, and the environmental conditions in which the sensor is used. Proper attention to Switching Frequency can help ensure that the sensor provides accurate and reliable measurements with minimal delay or latency.
Switching Type:
Switching Type refers to the specific method by which a fiber optic sensor changes its output signal in response to changes in the measured parameter or object being detected. There are several types of Switching Types used in fiber optic sensors, including PNP, NPN, Push-Pull, and other types. The specific Switching Type used by a particular sensor will depend on its intended application and the specific requirements for detection or measurement. The factors that can affect Switching Type include the design and calibration of the sensor, the sensitivity of the fiber optic cable, and the environmental conditions in which the sensor is used.
Switching Voltage:
Switching Voltage is the voltage level required for a fiber optic sensor to switch between different output states in response to changes in the measured parameter. It affects the sensor’s response time, accuracy, and reliability. The specific Switching Voltage required depends on the sensor’s intended application and the specific requirements for detection or measurement. Proper attention to Switching Voltage can help ensure that the sensor provides accurate and reliable measurements with the appropriate level of voltage for the intended application.
T
Terminal Compartment Connection:
Terminal Compartment Connection is the method by which a fiber optic sensor is connected to other devices or systems through its terminal compartment. It determines the reliability and security of the sensor’s electrical connections. The specific type of Terminal Compartment Connection used depends on the sensor’s design and application and can be affected by factors such as the quality of the fiber optic cable and the environmental conditions. Proper attention to Terminal Compartment Connection can help ensure that the sensor provides accurate and reliable measurements with secure and durable electrical connections.
Through Beam Fiber Optic Cable:
Through Beam Fiber Optic Cable is a type of fiber optic cable used in fiber optic sensors that consists of two separate components: a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter sends a beam of light through the cable, and the receiver detects changes in the light caused by the presence or absence of an object in the cable’s path. Through Beam, Fiber Optic Cables are commonly used in industrial and commercial applications where they can provide accurate and reliable detection of objects, liquids, or other materials. The specific design and implementation of Through Beam Fiber Optic Cables can vary depending on the sensor and its manufacturer and may include features such as different cable lengths, sensitivity adjustments, or other types of outputs.
Tightening Torque:
Tightening Torque refers to the amount of force required to properly tighten the fasteners or connectors used to secure a fiber optic sensor in place. Tightening Torque is an important factor in the performance of fiber optic sensors, as it can affect the stability and accuracy of the sensor’s readings. The specific Tightening Torque required for a particular sensor will depend on its design and the materials used in its construction, as well as the environmental conditions in which the sensor is used. Proper attention to Tightening Torque can help ensure that the sensor is securely and properly installed and that it provides accurate and reliable measurements over its expected service life.
Timer Function:
Timer Function refers to the ability of a fiber optic sensor to perform a timing operation, such as a delay, pulse, or interval. Timer Functions can be an important feature in certain types of fiber optic sensors, such as those used in automation, robotics, or other applications where precise timing is required. The specific Timer Functions available in a particular sensor will depend on its design and the features included by the manufacturer. Timer Functions can be used to control the sensor’s output, trigger an action in a connected system or device, or provide other timing-related functions. Proper attention to Timer Function can help ensure that the sensor provides accurate and reliable measurements with the appropriate timing features for the intended application.
Transmitted-signal Shape:
Transmitted-signal Shape refers to the pattern or waveform of the signal transmitted through the fiber optic cable in a sensor. The Transmitted-signal Shape can be an important factor in the performance and accuracy of fiber optic sensors, as it can affect the sensor’s sensitivity, resolution, and noise level. The specific Transmitted-signal Shape used by a particular sensor will depend on its design and the application for which it is intended. Some common types of Transmitted-signal Shapes include square waves, sinusoidal waves, and triangular waves. The factors that can affect Transmitted-signal Shape include the quality and durability of the fiber optic cable, the calibration and sensitivity of the sensor, and the environmental conditions in which the sensor is used. Proper attention to Transmitted-signal Shape can help ensure that the sensor provides accurate and reliable measurements with the appropriate signal waveform for the intended application.
Type of Display:
Type of Display refers to the method by which a fiber optic sensor provides visual information to the user. The specific Type of Display used depends on the sensor’s design and intended application and can include LED lights, LCD screens, or other types of graphical displays. Proper attention to the Type of Display can help ensure that the sensor is easy to use and provides accurate and reliable measurements with clear and understandable visual feedback.
V
Vibration Resistance:
Vibration Resistance is a fiber optic sensor’s ability to withstand mechanical vibrations or shocks without affecting its performance or accuracy. The level of Vibration Resistance required depends on the sensor’s design and the environmental conditions in which it will be used. Proper attention to Vibration Resistance can help ensure that the sensor provides accurate and reliable measurements even in challenging or stressful environments.
Voltage Output:
Voltage Output is the electrical signal generated by a fiber optic sensor in response to changes in the measured parameter. The specific Voltage Output generated depends on the sensor’s design and the type of output provided by the manufacturer. Proper attention to Voltage Output can help ensure that the sensor provides accurate and reliable measurements with the appropriate electrical signal for the intended application.
W
Wavelength:
Wavelength refers to the distance between two consecutive peaks or troughs in a waveform. In the context of fiber optic sensors, Wavelength is an important factor in the performance and accuracy of the sensor, as it determines the range and sensitivity of the sensor’s measurements. The specific Wavelength used by a particular sensor will depend on its design and the type of measurement it is intended to make. Some common Wavelength ranges used in fiber optic sensors include visible light, infrared light, or ultraviolet light. The factors that can affect Wavelength include the quality and calibration of the fiber optic cable, the sensitivity and accuracy of the sensor’s components, and the environmental conditions in which the sensor is used. Proper attention to Wavelength can help ensure that the sensor provides accurate and reliable measurements with the appropriate range and sensitivity for the intended application.
Working Voltage:
Working Voltage refers to the maximum voltage, either alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC), that a fiber optic sensor can safely operate with. The specific Working Voltage required for a particular sensor will depend on its design and the electrical characteristics of the system in which it will be used.
Z
Zero-Reset:
Zero-Reset is a feature of some fiber optic sensors that allows the sensor’s output signal to be reset to a known zero point. This is typically done by pressing a button or other control element on the sensor. Zero-Reset can be useful in applications where the sensor’s output signal may drift or accumulate over time, or in situations where the sensor needs to be recalibrated periodically. By resetting the output signal to zero, the sensor can provide accurate and reliable measurements over time, without the need for manual recalibration or adjustment. Proper attention to Zero Reset can help ensure that the sensor provides accurate and reliable measurements with minimal maintenance or intervention.
Conclusion
In conclusion, fiber optic sensors are a powerful and versatile technology that can be used in a wide range of applications. Understanding the terminology associated with fiber optic sensors is essential for accurately communicating about their capabilities and limitations. The terminology includes concepts such as sensitivity, resolution, dynamic range, drift, noise, and cross-sensitivity. By familiarizing oneself with these terms, one can better understand how fiber optic sensors work, their performance characteristics, and how to select and use them effectively in various applications. It is important to note that the field of fiber optic sensing is constantly evolving, and new terminology and techniques may emerge in the future as technology continues to advance.